XI-PHYSICS-LESSONS TO BE TAUGHT IN DECEMBER 2010

From 01 -12- 2010 to 10 -12 -2010

XI Physics:Thermal Properties of Matter

Classification of Matter into Solids, Liquids and Gases
Solids into Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators
Liquids into Conductors and Insulators and further Conductors into Good conductors and Electrolytes.
Definition of Temperature: Hotness and Coldness of an Object Object with Surrounding flow of energy from high temperature to low temperature
Scales of Temperature:Celsius,Fahrenheit,Raeumer,Kelvin change of state from solid to liquid to gas(Ice to Water to Steam) Change of state from Solid  to Gas without going through Liquid Melting, boiling, condensation, freezing and sublimation. Difference between evaporation and vaporization.
Conversion of Scales of temperature- Lower Limit Ice Point Melting Point of Ice or Freezing Point of Water at standard pressure -Upper Limit Steam Point Boiling Point of Water Scale- Lower Limit/Upper Limit Lower Limit
Heat Transferring processes- Solids- conductors -conduction -Atoms Vibration about mean Position- Exchange of energy without the movement atoms- heating a rod at one end
Liquids- convection- molecules- kinetic interpretation of temperature- molecules on receiving heat moves up being lighter molecules not receiving heat being heavier moves down or sink.
Without any intervening medium heat is transferred from one place to another.
Triple Point -Ice line (Solid and Liquid),Steam line(Liquid and Gas) and hoar frost line(Solid and Gas)
Absolute scale of temperature -Temperature at which a gas supposed to have zero volume (zero Pressure) and molecular motion stops. Volume /Pressure of a given mass of a gas increases or decreases by an amount of 1/273.15 times the volume/Pressure at zero degree Celsius.
Heat Capacity Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of a substance through one degree Celsius or Kelvin H=ms (∆θ)
Molar heat capacity Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance through one degree Celsius of Kelvin.
Molar heat Capacity at Constant Pressure (Cp) and at Constant Volume (Cv):Cp -Cv=R
Latent heat -Amount of heat required to change the state of a substance at constant temperature(Latent Hidden Heat Energy)
Latent heat of fusion -melting- solid to liquid -Latent heat of vaporization boiling liquid to gas.
Thermal expansion of solids- increase in size/configuration linear (Length), superficial (Area) and cubical (Volume)
Calorimetry- measurement of heat- two bodies of different temperature in contact -heat lost=heat gained
Water equivalent- amount of heat required to rise the temperature of water  amount of heat required to rise the temperature of a solid substance
Newton’s law of cooling-rate of loss of heat of a substance with difference in temperature of the substance with surrounding
Thermal conductivity amount of heat flows with difference in temperature,area of cross section,thickness of the substance,time of flow =A(Th -Tl)t/x