Saturday, January 1, 2011

XI-PHYSICS-LESSONS TO BE TAUGHT IN DECEMBER 2010

From 01 -12- 2010 to 10 -12 -2010
XI Physics:Thermal Properties of Matter
Classification of Matter into Solids, Liquids and Gases
Solids into Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators
Liquids into Conductors and Insulators and further Conductors into Good conductors and Electrolytes.
Definition of Temperature: Hotness and Coldness of an Object Object with Surrounding flow of energy from high temperature to low temperature
Scales of Temperature:Celsius,Fahrenheit,Raeumer,Kelvin change of state from solid to liquid to gas(Ice to Water to Steam) Change of state from Solid  to Gas without going through Liquid Melting, boiling, condensation, freezing and sublimation. Difference between evaporation and vaporization.
Conversion of Scales of temperature- Lower Limit Ice Point Melting Point of Ice or Freezing Point of Water at standard pressure -Upper Limit Steam Point Boiling Point of Water Scale- Lower Limit/Upper Limit Lower Limit
Heat Transferring processes- Solids- conductors -conduction -Atoms Vibration about mean Position- Exchange of energy without the movement atoms- heating a rod at one end
Liquids- convection- molecules- kinetic interpretation of temperature- molecules on receiving heat moves up being lighter molecules not receiving heat being heavier moves down or sink.
Without any intervening medium heat is transferred from one place to another.
Triple Point -Ice line (Solid and Liquid),Steam line(Liquid and Gas) and hoar frost line(Solid and Gas)
Absolute scale of temperature -Temperature at which a gas supposed to have zero volume (zero Pressure) and molecular motion stops. Volume /Pressure of a given mass of a gas increases or decreases by an amount of 1/273.15 times the volume/Pressure at zero degree Celsius.
Heat Capacity Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of a substance through one degree Celsius or Kelvin H=ms (∆θ)
Molar heat capacity Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance through one degree Celsius of Kelvin.
Molar heat Capacity at Constant Pressure (Cp) and at Constant Volume (Cv):Cp -Cv=R
Latent heat -Amount of heat required to change the state of a substance at constant temperature(Latent Hidden Heat Energy)
Latent heat of fusion -melting- solid to liquid -Latent heat of vaporization boiling liquid to gas.
Thermal expansion of solids- increase in size/configuration linear (Length), superficial (Area) and cubical (Volume)
Calorimetry- measurement of heat- two bodies of different temperature in contact -heat lost=heat gained
Water equivalent- amount of heat required to rise the temperature of water  amount of heat required to rise the temperature of a solid substance
Newton’s law of cooling-rate of loss of heat of a substance with difference in temperature of the substance with surrounding
Thermal conductivity amount of heat flows with difference in temperature,area of cross section,thickness of the substance,time of flow =A(Th -Tl)t/x

VIII-SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-LESSONS TO BE TAUGHT-NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010

FROM 10-11-2010 TO 17-11-2010
CHAPTER-13:SOUND
How is sound produced? How does it travel from one place to another? How do we hear sound? Why are some sounds louder than others? Definitions of Amplitude, frequency and Vibration-Audible and unaudible range-Effects of noise-Measures to Limit Noise Pollution 

FROM 06-12-2010 TO 15-12-2010
CHAPTER-16:LIGHT
Meaning of reflection-Incident and reflected ray/angle-laws of reflection-mirror-image formation in plane mirror-lateral inversion-real and virtual,erected and inverted,diminished and magnified-parts of the eye-care of the eye 

VIII-SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-LESSONS TO BE TAUGHT-OCTOBER 2010

CHAPTER-X
REACHING THE AGE OF ADOLESCENCE
From 01-10-2010 to 07-10-2010
Adolescence-Puberty-Menstruation-Menarche and Menopause-Changes in Physical structure-Chromosomes-Gender classification-Glands and its functions-Balanced diet for proper growth-ill effects of drugs-Preventive measures for good health. 
CHAPTER-XI&XII
FORCE AND PRESSURE
From 08-10-2010 to 30-10-2010
Difference between rest and motion-role of external agency in changing the status-contact and non contact forces-resultant force when many number of forces acting on the object-meaning of balanced and unbalanced-Meaning of pressure and activity to measure/ determine pressure-lighter and heavier objects-density of an object-how to reduce friction-importance of friction-difference between sliding 
and rolling-static and kinetic friction. 

VIII-SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-LESSONS TO BE TAUGHT-APRIL TO SEPTEMBER 2010

CHAPTER - I
CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
From 01.04.2010 to 10.04.2010
Preparation of land for cultivation-Testing of soil: minerals, nutrients, salinity,water holding capacity,conversion of harder into loosen,fertile or not,role of fertilizer,soil pollution,Supply of water: sources of water,possible methods,measures for proper distribution,right amount to 
plant Seeds:good quality,sowing methods,removal of unwanted plants,growth of plants:photosynthesis,preventing the crops/plants from diseases- measures to obtain good and healthy yield/product-seperation of yield from plants,procurement for longer duration. 
CHAPTER - II
MICROORGANISMS :FRIEND AND FOE
From 11.04.2010 to 20.04.2010
Advantages and disadvantages of micro organism-Micro-10-6 -How to view microparticles?-How fermentation takesplace?-Role of micro organism for the conversion of animal and waste plants into biofuel-Nitrogen fixing bacteria-Nitrogen cycle-Types of diseases-Causes of diseases. Identification-Remedy-Precautions. 
CHAPTER - III
SYNTHETIC FIBRES AND PLASTICS
From 21.04.2010 to 30.04.2010
Difference between natural and artificial fibre-Reason for preferring artificial fibres-Advantages and disadvantages of using artificial fibresProperties of plastics-Problems in using plastics-Meaning and explanation of bio degradable and non degradable substances 
CHAPTER - IV
MATERIALS : METALS AND NON-METALS
From 10.07.2010 to 15.07.2010
Classification of matter-Differences between conductor,insulators-Know about the properties of conductor and good/super conductors-Properties of metal-Reaction of metals/Non metals with water,acid.,etc-Formation of rusting-Measures to save metals without any wastage-Uses of metals in day today life- Noble metals. 
CHAPTER-V
COAL AND PETROLEUM
From 16.07.2010 TO 30.07.2010
Formation of Coal,Coke and Petroleum-Uses of Petroleum-Difference between exhaustible and inexhaustible-Natural resources-Advatages of using CNG 
CHAPTER-VI
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
From 01-08-2010 TO 10-08-2010
Combustion-Types of combustion-Sources of Energy-Ignition Temperatureinflammable substances-fire accidents-fire extinguisher-Energy of fuelChoosing of right fuel-Air pollution-Measures to reduce Air Pollution-Global warming-Acid Rain 
CHAPTER-VII
Conservation of Plants and Animals
From 11-08-2010 to 20-08-2010
Difference between Deforestation,Reforestation and desertificationImportance of Plants/trees-Uses of Plants-Types of animals-pet and wild life-sanctuaries and zoo-Habitation of Animals-Human activities to disturb the habitation and its effect-Red Data Book-Project Tiger 
CHAPTER-VIII
Cell Structure and Its Functions
From 21-08-2010 to 30-08-2010
Structure of a cell-How to view the cell-Size and Shape of a cellDifference between Unicellular and Multi Cellular,living and Non living Organism-Functions of an organ-difference between Plant and Animal CellProkaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 
CHAPTER-IX
REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS
From 01.09.2010 to 10.09.2010
Modes and kinds of reproduction-How reproduction takes place?-Male and female reproductive organs-test tube babies-Cloning technique. 

SLIP TEST-VIIIC-SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

COMBUSTION AND FLAME
1.Substances which catch fire are called:-a) Burners  b) Combustible  c) Acid  d) Base
2.The lowest temperature at which substance catches fire is:-
a) Boiling temperature b) Melting temperature c) Body temperature  d) Ignition temperature
3.Charcoal burns with a:-a) Flame  b) Glow c) Both a and b d) None of these.
4.Burning of coal in a closed room will produce:-
a)Oxygen   b)Nitrogen    c)Carbon monoxide   d)Carbon dioxide
5.An ideal fuel has:-
a) Low calorific value    b) High calorific value  c) Major pollutant   d) Cannot be transported.
6.Can the process of rusting be called combustion?
7.What is the difference between the burning of a candle and the burning of a fuel like coal?
8.A matchstick does not catch fire on its own at room temperature. Why?
9.Can you list out the names of some inflammable substances?
10.What is the unit in which the calorific value of a fuel is expressed?
11.There is global warning on global warming. Which gas concentration leads to this problem?
12.When a fire brigade arrives at the accident spot what does he do?
13.Carbon-di-oxide is the best fire extinguisher. Give reason.
14.In what form is LPG stored in cylinder?
15.Water is not used to control fires involving electrical equipment. Give reason.
16.Why LPG a better domestic fuel than wood?
17.Ravi and Sita were doing an experiment in which water was to be heated in a beaker .Ravi kept the beaker near the wick in the yellow part of the candle. Sita kept the beaker in the outermost part of the flame. Whose water will get heated in a shorter time?
18.What are the criteria you would consider when trying to categorise something as a good fuel?
19.It is difficult to burn a heap of green leaves but dry leaves catch easily. Why?

SLIP TEST-VIIIC-SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

CONSERVATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS
1.Kaziranga National Park is an reserved area for:- a)Rhinoceros  b)Lion  c)Tiger d)Elephant
2.Biosphere Reserves are areas meant for conservation of:- a)Forest b)Water c)Biodiversity d)Soil
3.Species of plants and animals which are found exclusively in a particular  Area:-
a)Extinct animal  b)Endemic animal c)Endangered animal
4.The places where killing and capturing of animals is strictly prohibited:-
a)Sanctuaries  b) Forests c)Biosphere Reserves d)National Parks
5.The plants and animals found in a particular area are:- a)Species  b)Wild animals  c)Flora and Fauna
6.What are wildlife sanctuaries?
7.What is desertification?
8.What is project Tiger?
9.What is an ecosystem?
10.What are the purposes for which the trees are cut in the forest?
11.List down the consequences of deforestation.
12.What will happen when rainfall decreases?
13.Why is Reforestation important?
14.What is Red Data Book?
15.Sometimes animals enter into human habitation killing people and causing damage to materials. Why do the animals behave like this?

HOME ASSIGNMENT-VIIIC-WINTER BREAK 2010-11

LIGHT
• The ray which strikes a surface is called (a)reflected ray, (b) incident ray, (c)normal, (d) perpendicular ray.
• The ray which comes from the surface after reflection is called (a)incident ray,(b) reflected ray, (c) normal, (d) parallel ray.  
• The angle made by the normal with reflecting  surface is (a)90 (b) 180 (c) 45(d) 120 .
• The corresponding angle of reflection when angle of incidence is 30 will be (a)45,(b) 30(c) 60 (d) 120 .
• Lateral inversion is formed in images formed by (a) concave mirror, (b) convex mirror, (c) plane mirror, (d) double convex mirror.
• Which of the following part controls the size of the pupil (a)cornea (b) iris (c)ciliary muscle, (d) optic nerve.
• The impression of image is persistent on the retina for (a)1/10, (b) 1/12, (c) 1/16,(d) 1/8 of a second.
• In old age the eye lens become cloudy. This defect  is called (a)short sight, (b) long sight, (c) cataract, (d) myopia.
• What is called reflection?
• Write the laws of reflection.      
• Distinguish between regular reflection and diffused reflection?
• How can you get multiple images?
• What is called lateral inversion?
• Write the characteristics of image formed by a plane mirror.
• What is the transparent front part of eye called?
• Name the two types of cells present in our retina? What are they sensitive to?
• What is blind spot?
• Define dispersion.
• What steps would you take to protect your eyes?
• Name the system used by visually challenged people for learning.
• The comfortable distance at which one can read with normal eye is (a)20cm, (b)25cm, (c) 35cm, (d) 50cm.
• What enables us to see things around us?
• What care would you take to keep your eyes in good condition? • What happens to your image (1)When you go towards a plane mirror? (2)When you move away from a plane mirror?
• The angle between incident ray and the mirror is 60 What would be the angle of reflection?                                  
CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF CURRENT
• What do you observe in the bulb when the free ends of the wire is immersed in a vessal filled with 1)distilled water 2)salt solution 3)with air?
• How does the potato help in identifying  the positive terminal of the battery or a cell?
• Magnetic compass shows deflection when some magnetic field is generated/developed/produced nearby.In such a case what will be the deflection of the magnetic needle when 1)more current 2)less current flows?
• In what way does the conductors differ from insulators?
• Electrical appliances should never be handled with wet hands or standing on a wet floor.Why?
• What are LED’s? Which lead will be connected to connected to the negative terminal of the battery or a cell?                     
• What makes the water a good conductor of electricity?
• State the essential condition for rusting?    
• Current flows through a conducting solution.What are the changes observable?.
• What is known as electroplating?Why is electroplating preferred?.
• Why are the cans of tin used for storing food coated on iron?

HOME ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS XI IN PHYSICS DURING WINTER BREAK

What are the CGS and SI units of heat?
What are the two fixed points on a temperature scale?
Write the relation between temperatures on different scales.
Define coefficient of linear, superficial and cubical expansion.
Define the terms latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization.
State the difference between vaporization and evaporation.
What do you understand by condensation and sublimation?
What are degrees of freedom?
State the law of equipartition of energy
Distinguish between isothermal and adiabatic process.
Define molar specific heat at constant pressure.
Distinguish between reversible process and irreversible process.
Explain steam line, ice line and hoar frost line with the help of Pressure and temperature graph.
Show that the coefficient of cubical expansion is equal to three times the coefficient of linear expansion.
Show that the coefficient of superficial expansion is equal to two times the coefficient of linear expansion.
State and explain the three modes of transference of heat.
Establish the adiabatic relation between P and T and between V and T.
What are the postulates of Kinetic theory of gases?
Derive an expression for the average kinetic energy of the molecule of gas.
Define isothermal process. Derive an expression for the work done during the process.
Derive an expression for the work done in one cycle during an adiabatic process
Describe the working of Carnot engine and derive its efficiency.
A heat engine with 100% efficiency is only a theoretical possibility. Explain.
State Newton’s law of cooling. Explain the experimental verification of Newton’s law of cooling.